With a single fundamental equation to describe the collapse limit state, and bending strain as the only independent variable to characterize the effects of bending, RP1111 provides a clear characterization of the limit state, and thus avoiding any confusion on the loading path. Such philosophy, in turn, leads to straightforward definitions of pipeline capacity as a function of the external pressure and bending strain. The precise methodology, yet underlying simplicity, which is present in the RP1111 code when dealing with external pressure design, is the result of equations based on first principles of mechanics. The authors, both members of the RP1111 committee, review the methodology for designing deepwater pipelines subjected to external pressure with or without bending. The API Recommend Practice 1111, " Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State Design)?, one of the leading offshore deepwater pipeline codes, has been revised and updated in the Fourth Edition, December 2009, hereafter RP1111.
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